Ronald Reagan s Speech At The Brandenburg Gate Essay

Ronald Reagan s speech at the Brandenburg gate was one of the most impactful and important speeches given during the cold war, and aided in the eventual downfall of the Soviet Union. Reagan begins his speech by addressing the people present and recognizing the â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"feeling of history† of the city of Berlin has. He makes his first reference to previous speakers by saying, â€Å"Twenty four years ago, President John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, and speaking to the people of this city and the world at the city hall. Well since then two other presidents have come, each in his turn to Berlin. And today, I, myself, make my second visit to your city,†( Reagan 361) Ronald Reagan adeptly utilizes Ethos Pathos and Logos in his Brandenburg Gate address, he attempts to sway the audience of the importance of success of the marshal plan and western values as a whole, and convince the leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, to open up the barrier which had divided West and East Berlin since 1961. His first usage of pathos is when he addresses the east berliners who were separated from the westerners by the Berlin wall and tells them, â€Å"I join your fellow countrymen in the West, in this firm, this unalterable belief: Es gibt nur ein Berlin. [There is only one Berlin.],† (Reagan 361) This is a perfect usage of pathos because he is using the native language in an attempt to create a sense of unity and goodwill from him and the American people. President Reagan also increases hisShow MoreRelatedPresident Ronald Reagan s Speech945 Words   |  4 PagesPresident, Ronald Reagan, gave one of his most famous speeches, Remarks at the Brandenburg Gate. In this speech Reagan s aimed to expand democracy through Easter Berlin. Throughout the speech, Reagan used rhetorical devices that made his speech affective. By balancing ethos, logos and pathos in his speech Reagan was able to persuade the Soviet Union leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, and his partisans take a step forward in creating a world piece and reunite East Berlin with West Berlin. Reagan also usedRead MorePresident Reagan And The Soviet Union1249 Words   |  5 PagesStates and Soviet Union, President Reagan set out to exploit and end communist tyranny. President Reagan’s devotion to ending tyranny was stronger than any other leader during the time period. For example, he criticized the Carter administration for their failure to deal with the adventurousness of the Soviet Union (Fisher, p 303). He believed that their foreign policy enabled the Soviet Union to view the United States in a weak and vulnerable state. President Reagan s staunch opposition to communismRead MoreBest Vs. Worst Communicators967 Words   |  4 Pagescome to mind, former United States President Ronald Reagan and the former Chief Executive Officer of British Petroleum (BP) Tony Hayward, respectively. Both of these men exhibited certain attributes that affected the way that a udiences received the messages they were attempting to convey. One of the key characteristics of good communication is being knowledgeable on the subject you are speaking about. Most of the great communicators such as Ronald Reagan ensure that they carry out their due diligenceRead MoreAmerica s Age Of Hope1541 Words   |  7 Pageswhere did the vigor of the 1980’s come? 1980 to 1989 was a period in the United States which spurred hope for the economy and in the spirits of the people. The 1980’s were a decade of the American people standing together in tragedy and rejoicing with each other in victory. In 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the decade and an age of an oppression overseas. America cheered for the freedom of her brothers and sisters in Germany. One highlight of the 1980’s was the substantial growthRead MoreRonald Reagan And The Fall Of An Empire3332 Words   |  14 PagesRonald Reagan and the Fall of an Empire With the dust settling after the end of the Second World War two supers started to emerge. In the Western side of the globe with the power of industry, manufacturing and a free market, capitalist society the United States was growing at the fastest rate in modern times. As a polar opposite to the United States and their form or government almost as if suited for a fiction novel The Soviet Union with the power of a Communist Iron Fist Government was too emergingRead MoreThe Legacy Of Ronald Reagan1795 Words   |  8 PagesRonald Reagan California proved divided on state political issues in 1964. The state needed a Republican candidate with an inspirational personality that could humanize conservatism within the state. Ronald Reagan fit the criteria (DeGroot, 1997). Reagan a former actor, and president of the Screen Actors Guild was not a politician by Washington standards. However, Reagan had been on the campaign trail with Barry Goldwater, delivering inspirational speeches at various campaign stops. ReagansRead MoreWorld Issues : Ronald Reagan2380 Words   |  10 PagesBarone English 10H 15 May 2016 World Issues: Ronald Reagan Throughout history there have been many problems and issues in the world. During certain times of crisis, one man stood out from all the rest. This man s name was Ronald Reagan. He was elected governor of California and was in office for eight years. Ronald Reagan tried to run for president two times and was unsuccessful, but then in 1980, he won the Republican presidential nomination. Ronald Reagan was the oldest president of the United StatesRead MoreThe Rights And Wrongs, Civil And Politics1630 Words   |  7 Pagesas these that we are assembled today, and to have them, if possible, forever erased from our statute books, deeming them a shame and a disgrace to a Christian republic in the nineteenth century. We have met to uplift woman s fallen divinity upon an even pedestal with man s. And, strange as it may seem to many, we now demand our right to vote according to the declaration of the government under which we live. This right no one pretends to deny. We need not prove ourselves equal to Daniel WebsterRead MoreCulture Behind the Curtain Essay2940 Words   |  12 Pagesconsumerism, and will identify this influx of Western capitalist culture as not only one of the many factors that led to the collapse of Soviet Russia, but also a major reason that the West won the Cultural Cold War. Ronald Reagan made it clear in his â€Å"Remarks at the Brandenburg Gate† that the most blatant difference between communism and Western democracy is the prosperity that ascends from freedom. He asserted that Western radio broadcasts, television programming, print media, and even geographicalRead MoreCommunism, Democracy, And Capitalism3017 Words   |  13 Pagesnations. It was a strong step to reduce the threat of nuclear war. The Cold War became present again under President Ronald Reagan (1911-2004). Reagan believed that the spread of communism no matter how small, was an endangerment to freedom everywhere. He provided financial and military help to anticommunist governments and insurgencies. This policy came to be known as the Reagan Doctrine. In answer to harsh economic tribulations and mounting political turmoil in the USSR, Premier Mikhail Gorbachev

My Interview with a Jewish Friend Essay examples - 2067 Words

Introduction of the religion The religion I decided to do this interview on is Judaism. I have always been interested in this religion and was ready to learn more. One of the three great monotheistic world religions, Judaism began as the faith of the ancient Hebrews, and its sacred text is the Hebrew Bible, particularly the Torah. Fundamental to Judaism is the belief that the people of Israel are Gods chosen people, who must serve as a light for other nations. God made a covenant first with Abraham, then renewed it with Isaac, Jacob, and Moses. The worship of Yahweh (God) was centered in Jerusalem from the time of David. The destruction of the First Temple of Jerusalem by the Babylonians (586 BC) and the subsequent†¦show more content†¦These are things that all Jews share. 3. What different methods of worship does your religion practice? Answer: Traditionally, Jews use certain rituals on a daily basis, too. Some of these are: putting on the Tallit (a prayer shawl) and Tefillin (phylacteries, which are small leather boxes containing verses from the Bible that remind Jews of their duties—one worn on the forehead and one on the arm), praying three times a day, and keeping the dietary laws called Kashrut. 4. Is there a particular day you practice these methods of worship? Answer: Yes of course. Jews have long revered Shabbat, the Sabbath, as a â€Å"taste of the world to come,† a time of rest, of peace, and of contentment. From sundown on Friday night until sundown on Saturday night, observant Jews set aside time to pray and study—a day to refrain from work and everyday cares. 5. What is your place of worship called? 6. What are the important holidays and traditions of this religion? Answer: Yes a few are: the high holy days, sukkot, hannukkah, pesach, the omer period, Shavuot, and tishah. 7. How has religion shaped your life? Answer: Of course it has. Being Jewish is what I am. I was raised this way, left this way of life and came back. I love being the Jewish man I am. 8. What are the challenges, ifShow MoreRelatedJewish Religion and Tradition: Bar and Bat Mitzvahs and Storytelling1052 Words   |  5 Pagescommandment.† The most commonly spoken language of the Jewish people and most people in the Middle East starting in 500 B.C.E – 400 C.E is the vernacular language known as Aramaic (Weinstock 2). The words: bar, bat and mitzvah all come from this language. The term â€Å"bar (bat) mitzvah† refers to two different things: first off, when a boy or girl comes of age (12/13), they have become a â€Å"bar (bat) mitzvah,† and then are recognized by the Jewish tradition as having the same rights as a grown man (BlasRead MoreReflection Paper On The Culture1083 Words   |  5 Pagesour clients that we see. In addition, it not only enhances our therapeutic relationships with our clients, but also enhances our knowledge on the various cultures that exist. For this paper I will interview a person that is from a different culture t hat I do not have knowledge on. With this interview my hope is to gain insight to the specific culture so I can be more aware of the practices of this culture and gain knowledge to successfully treat clients of this culture in the future. In additionRead MoreAn Individual Of A Different Intersectionality From Myself And Comparatively Review Literature Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this review is to interview an individual of a different intersectionality from myself and comparatively review literature that correlates to the individual’s demographic position in the community, their experiences and viewpoints in relation to social work practice. The referenced literature is comprised of several scholarly articles regarding the interviewee’s cultural background and implications for social work practice among this distinct population. The interview subject is a middle adulthoodRead MoreMy Ethnographic Fieldwork On Jewish Culture Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pages For my ethnographic fieldwork, I decided to do my research on the Jewish culture. I interviewed a friend of mine at her house, which is the field site I decided to work in. To protect her identity I changed her name to Rebecca. As soon as I got to her house I notice there was a small piece of metal on the side of her doorpost with hebrew text written on it. I enter the house and she greeted me and took me to her living room.In her living room I noticed she had a tray of bite size cookies forRead MoreA Life Long Jew, By Susan Gustavson946 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily friend, Susan Gustavson, who has been practicing Judaism since she was a child. Like the majority of Jews, she was born into a Jewish family. Both of her parents were Jewish, her sister and herself are still Jewish today. She grew up in Livermore, California, and now fifty six years later, resides in Santa Rosa, with her husband, son, and daughter, who is currently attending an art internship in New York. Both Susan an d her sister attended Sunday School every week and celebrated Jewish holidaysRead MoreEncountering My Cultural Identity:. I Have Experienced1710 Words   |  7 PagesEncountering my Cultural Identity: I have experienced marginalization based on my Jewish identity through Anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism can be defined as â€Å"criminal and noncriminal acts of harassment and intimidation, including distribution of hate propaganda, threats, and slurs† towards the Jewish people (Cohen, 2010). The first time that I experienced overt Anti-Semitism was when I moved away to University. Leaving the â€Å"Jewish bubble† of Thornhill left me feeling vulnerable and afraid to tell othersRead More Schindlers List Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesGerman industrialist, who made much of his wealth by employing Jewish men and women in his various factories. In the movie â€Å" Schindler’s List,† it starts off with Schindler in a restaurant with many high ranking Nazi officers eating there. He starts off by buying a officer a bottle of expensive wine, but it does not end there. Before the night is gone he has boughten dinner for all of the officers. This is how he made friends, friends with power. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At this point the WarRead MoreFaith Across Culture, Time And Technology1104 Words   |  5 Pagesis present, families are more inclined to participate.† Lastly, in New York and Miami there is a mass of Jewish followers. Growing up in a heavily Jewish population elementary and middle school caused me to follow my Jewish faith and complete bat mitzvah. I was raised half Jewish and half Catholic; however, I focused more on my Jewish side because the majority of my peers were being raised Jewish too. Similar to culture, time period impacts a person’s sense of religion. For instance, World War IIRead MoreHolocaust : A Wave Of Mass Murder Swept Across Europe1453 Words   |  6 Pageswanted to get rid of the Jewish culture and the Jewish people. Hitler knew that he couldn t kill all the Jews but that didn t stop him from trying. It didn t stop him from killing 6 million innocent people it just made him think he had even more power. Jeannine Burk explained â€Å"I guess we were all back about three months when we learned that my father got exterminated in Auschwitz. And you see, I was never allowed to have a father. I don t have a picture of me and my father except for one. I haveRead MoreJewish Culture and Jewish Americans1400 Words   |  6 PagesJewish Culture Paper â€Å"When I was a little girl my family moved to Tallahassee, Florida. We were the only Jewish family in the neighborhood. So as most kids do when they move to a new neighborhood, they tend to try and make new friends. I remember going over to one of my new friend’s house and her mother felt my scalp for horns† Julianne Jacques MCC-Penn Valley Counselor. Jewish Americans learn from a young age about the importance of knowing their history. Knowing the history is for the sake

Code of Ethics Free Essays

The Phar-Mor Code of Ethics Phar-Mor strives to be the leading retailer in providing the lowest priced and highest quality goods for our communities, while delivering exemplary levels of customer service. Phar-Mor believes in providing a positive and ethical working environment to help guide all employees in word and action, which promotes an unshakable framework of integrity and trust between all stakeholders. Phar-Mor endeavors to proactively contribute to its communities through local philanthropies, scholarship programs, and community service. We will write a custom essay sample on Code of Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Phar-Mor appreciates and respects all employees equally and strives to reward hard work, and provide training to enhance the value of all employees. Phar-Mor believes in providing a safe, secure, and healthy working environment, and stands behind a zero-tolerance policy of any discrimination or harassment. Phar-Mor maintains both an open-door policy, which respects the concerns and suggestions of all employees and strives to continually improve the organization based on these recommendations. Also, Phar-Mor upholds a whistle-blower policy, which guarantees the anonymity of employees who courageously choose to report illicit activity. Phar-Mor is committed to maintaining high standards of integrity in all customer relationships. Phar-Mor strives to achieve customers’ satisfaction by providing the best services, products and prices through ethical and socially responsible practices. Phar-Mor understands the importance of communicating clearly with its customers, which fosters trust, openness, and a thorough understanding of the spirit of Phar-Mor. Phar-Mor does not make any promises unless they believe that they will be able to keep. Phar-Mor respects the privacy of its customers’ confidential information by protecting it and make sure it is in safe place. Phar-Mor maintains integrity with its shareholders through proper use of its assets and property in its effort to continually create shareholder and value. Phar-Mor strives to present accurate and honest records and reports that will reflect the true financial situation of the company to provide investors the ability to make accurate decisions. Phar-Mor strictly upholds high accounting standards and provides complete and detailed accounts of all relevant transactions, assets, and accounts. Phar-Mor operates business based on honesty and fairness and upholds strict policies against bribery, corruption, and unethical practices with suppliers. Phar-Mor believes in prompt payments to suppliers and encourages collaboration to find the most effective and efficient logistical system, which will enhance cost savings that will be passed on to its customers. Phar-Mor works to serve and uphold the communities, in which it operates, through strict adherence to the laws, as well as proactively managing its environmental impact. Phar-Mor believes in contributing a portion of its profit to the local communities through donations to local schools for sports and scholarships, volunteer work with nonprofit organizations, and community service. Phar-Mor’s code of ethics is addressed to all company stakeholders including all who directly and indirectly work toward the company’s objectives. Phar-Mor maintains easily accessible channels of communication, including anonymous hotlines and access to management, which can be used by personnel to report violations of the code or make suggestions to improve the code of ethics. Phar-Mor then reviews and takes necessary action if any violations are ascertained or improvements are warranted. Phar-Mor is committed to foster and ensure an appropriate understanding of the code of ethics and to disseminate knowledge of the code among all stakeholders through internal and external publications and annual statements. Phar-Mor strives to obtain valuable feedback through a unique feedback system on the effectiveness of the code of ethics. Suggestions are openly accepted and every year the review committee evaluates the suggestions and any other required compliances and includes/modifies the code of ethics. How to cite Code of Ethics, Essay examples

Harlem Renaissance Summary Essay Paper Example For Students

Harlem Renaissance Summary Essay Paper The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that occurred in the asses and asses. At that point in time, it was known as the New Negro Movement, named after the 1925 anthology by Lain Locke. Though it was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, many Fricasseeing black writers from African and Caribbean colonies that lived in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance. Historians disagree as to when the Harlem Renaissance began and ended. The Harlem Renaissance is unofficially recognized to have spanned from about 1919 until the early or mid asses. Many of its ideas lived on much longer. Development of African-American community in Harlem During the early portion of the 20th Century, Harlem became home to a growing Negro middle class. The district had originally been developed in the 19th Century as an exclusive suburb for the white middle and upper middle classes; its affluent beginnings led to the development of stately houses, grand avenues, and world class amenities such as the Polo Grounds and the Harlem Opera House. During the enormous influx of European immigrants in the late nineteenth century, the district was abandoned by the white middle-class. Harlem became an African-American neighborhood in the early asses. Impact The Harlem Renaissance was so successful that it brought the Black experience clearly within the centre of American cultural history. The Harlem Renaissance redefined how America, and the world, viewed the African-American population. The gyration of southern Blacks to the north changed the image of the African-American from rural, undereducated peasants to one of urban, cosmopolitan sophistication. This new identity led to a greater social consciousness. The progress, both symbolic and real during this period, became a point of reference from which the African- American community gained a spirit of self-determination that provided a growing sense of both Black urbanity and Black militancy as well as a foundation for the community to build upon for the Civil Rights struggles in the asses and asses. The urban setting of rapidly developing Harlem provided a venue for African-Americans of all backgrounds to appreciate the variety of Black life and culture. Through this expression, the Harlem Renaissance encouraged the new appreciation of folk roots and culture. For instance, folk materials and spirituals provided a rich source for the artistic and intellectual imagination and it freed the Blacks from the establishment of past condition. One of the major representatives of this renaissance is Longboats Hughes, a novelist and writer.

Gwen Harwood Critical Study Essay Example

Gwen Harwood Critical Study Paper An Australian poet who, seems to develop an imaginative, rich form of poetry through the use of recurring themes. Complex language techniques and even further through the use of sophisticated structures only seen in the most prestigious of poems in the modern era. Gwen Hardwood has a tendency to write poetry that is significant in all eras, cultures and/or societies of the world as she captures, and develops them Into a strong universal theme that recurs strongly. These themes seem to endure, and portray the human experience by relating these in forms that resonate through a range of various environments; these poems have n immense structural integrity. These themes are depicted powerfully in poems such as; Father and Child, Violets the 2 poems that I have chosen to discuss In this speech. In the Father and child, It has a unique structure of 2 parts; the 1st (Barn Owl) discusses her loss of innocence in the daughters perspective in the past, the second part (Nightfall) Being the downfall to her father, how he is put in an degenerative state, slowly falling to his demise. We will write a custom essay sample on Gwen Harwood Critical Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gwen Harwood Critical Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gwen Harwood Critical Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is to do with Gwen accepting the Inevitability of her fathers death. These 2 poems can be read symbiotically in a dual tauter to provide further insight into both their poems, or separately as a poem. The language in the first poem is quite unique. It highlights the use of very simple words, with little complexity, this can be interpreted to show the innocence that the child still possesses, as children (better yet an Innocent child) are meant to speak with less complexity than a full grown adult. These sentences also tend to be monosyllabic. l knew my prize, who swooped home at this hour are all monosyllabic. As the poem continues, especially after the owl is shot, the childs vocabulary seems to improve in impolitely, losing Its monosyllabic nature. This can symbolize the loss of Innocence that the child had experienced by killing the owl senselessly. Gwen also uses many biblical allusions in this poem. One portraying the child, in an evil fashion, maybe even demonically. A horny fiend, I crept. This image is then juxtaposed by the line a child/Obedient, angel-mild. This shows that she Is generally a good person but she has the potential to commit evil act. Just as eve; from the biblical story of Adam and Eve. She reinforces the idea of her father being God, and eve going behind her father o seek power, Just as Eve did when she bit into the apple for intelligence. As the owl Is also considered to be symbolically wise, it can be interpreted that the owl is also the fruit from the forbidden tree as In the story of Adam and Eve. The snake (Satan). Convinces Eve to eat from the tree, as it would make her eternally wise; which would allow her to grow in power, Just as the child had believed that killing the owl would allow her to grow in power. The poem seems to also state that she is the master of life and death and she Isnt referred to as a mistress, In a literal sense, It refers to her s a male, even though she is a female. This helps promote the idea that she losses some of her femininity. The second part to the poem also refers to it as nightfall this creates significance by also further enticing the idea that her father is slowly passing away and that she realizes that there Is not much time left. These themes combined all portray the idea of a recurring theme, the recurring theme that has made this poem so influential through many generations and views, a theme that resides in all 1 OFF The violets is the triggering of a memory after the subtle act of picking up a violet. This poems language structure is quite unique, it utilizes going from the present to past tense repetitively recollecting past experience the user has been through continuously making further sense of the present. The memories that are conjured are of happiness, she does develop a feeling of change or emptiness, further enhancing the recurring theme of loss. The reader uses 1st person to fully capture the personality of the experience she writes about. As the writer has lost these experience in the present day, she still has vivid memory of the past, in which she wishes to keep secure this is shown in the line frail melancholy flowers as the lowers is what triggered the memory, she refers to them as frail, that can be easily damaged, this is why she wishes for the security of them. She is afraid of the loss of these memories. Wheres morning gone? Is a line that further emphasizes her innocence, or in the bigger picture; her loss of innocence. As a child she asks, Wheres morning gone personifying time, or the morning. Instead of simply understanding, the fact that she has slept her way through the day. This can also refer to the interpretation that she feels as if she had metaphorically slept her way wrought life, but it can also be interpreted as the loss of innocence, as she had Just let her childhood float away. By revisiting this memory, the child persona further establishes the inevitability of death, Just as she had done in Father and Child She realizes that time will not stop for anybody, this can be depicted by the line Years cannot move Gwen Hardwood, as recently stated uses these recurring themes and language techniques to create structurally sounds poems that resonate throughout various societies and shall continue to by the consistent use of universal themes. Thank you.

arranged marriage essays

arranged marriage essays Arranged marriage is a concept that does not take precedence in the United States, where love marriages are most popular. In this presentation we will explore the reasons for arranged marriages and look at the process that goes on. Our group will also relate this topic to such anthropological terms such as dowry and joint family system. Our goal is to help others understand that no matter how different arranged marriages may seem to Americans, they love, procreate and support each other possibly more successfully than our "love marriages. Before delving into the intrcacies of the process of arranges marriages we will define our terms so that students will know how to relate them when they hear them in our presentation. Posters will act as our visual aid in order to explain such terms as swamber which literally means "groom seeks out his bride:. Other terms such include dowry which is the payment of the woman;s inheritance at the time of her marriage, either to her or her husband. This dowry usually helps pay for the wedding ceremony, paid mostly by her parents. One very important part of an arranged marriage is the significance of the middle man, who is usually a middle woman. She may be a family friend or an aunt of the person to be married. This matchmaker thoroughly inspects the pasts and reputations of the prospective bride or groom to find anything that may not be approved by the family. This is usually done by word of mouth by relatives and friends who know the person. There are three main characteristics that the mediator looks for : the girl or boy's social status, their education level and their physical appearance. After these qualities have been approves by both families, the two may meet if they don't already know each other. If they agree they would like to be married, the wedding may proceed as soon as two weeks later or as late as a few years. There are five ceremonies that are a part of the wedding. The fi...

Evolution of Distance Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evolution of Distance Education - Research Paper Example Reports on the same reveal it to have practiced this method of education for over 20 years. The advancement of the current technology has resulted to intensification of this practice in majority of institutions in the US. The WVU has implemented online learning sessions for delivering special education. Since the time before, mediation of the distance between students, institutions together with the respective instructors have been determined by the most current technology utilized. Therefore, this script is of profound significance, as it would efficiently describe the evolution of distance education by presenting a research plan (Ludlow & Duff, 2009). Statement of the research problem This study aims at the identification of how distance education has evolved since its initiation. A number of sources addresses the same issue but from dissimilar perspectives. The application of distance education has been exploited in different parts of the globe, and this brings about the noted var iations. It is in noting the extent to which this form of education has evolved that identifying those factors necessary for such an occurrence would be easier. This study aims to reveal strategies that those involved ought to implement in enhancing efficacy required in this form of service delivery. The less developed and developing countries are deficient of the most current technology that is decidedly in use by the already developed states. These nations, especially those from Africa will be able to learn the concepts to adopt in order to initiate the distance education program. Therefore, the research question is; does enhancement in technology contribute towards the evolution of distance education? Review of the related literature The augmentation in the current technology has allowed WVU to utilize the technology aided distance education. According to a research conducted by numerous scholars, such a university has practiced distance education for more than two decades since 1980s (Ludlow & Duff, 2009). As this university initiated this process, it only endeavored to experiment whether it could work. However, their experimental attempts have resulted to the current expansive development in the use of this concept. The WVU distance education deals with offering programs on special education. The careful review of the literature designates an increase in the fraction of those enrolling in these programs each year. Additionally, it also depicts a rise in those completing such a program each academic year. During the introduction of this concept in the university, the majority of the participants were from within, but currently the participants emanate from all over the US. Moreover, the technology advancement has enabled individuals from all over the globe to participate in the distance learning activity. Literature indicates that the broadcast television; the most complicated technology of the day was used during the introduction of distance education pro grams. The development of courses that could be made available to students via the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) is what resulted to utilization of the television (Huett et al., 2008). After these students completing the syllabus, they sat for assignments later submitted for marking via the mail. The initial use of satellite for education purposes encountered numerous challenges. For instance,

Halecar and Mid Lans Automotive Two cultures merge Coursework - 1

Halecar and Mid Lans Automotive Two cultures merge - Coursework Example The first is that there is the need to bring together two potentially conflicting cultures and practices under one single corporate structure(Armstrong, 2012). The second issue includes adjusting the individual HR practices and systems in each of the organisations in order to eliminate errors and inefficiencies of the past(Armstrong & Taylor, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to critique the circumstances relating to the systems and practices of the two companies. This will be done on the context of historical practices and processes. From there, the paper will recommend a way forward in improving the HR system, organisational culture and other practices for the achievement of the corporate strategy of the newly formed car manufacturer – Mid Lancashire Automotive. The facts of the case brings to the fore, important pointers and issues that can be used to diagnose HR and Organisational Behaviour concerns. These issues can be used to streamline the structures of the new company, Mid Lancashire Automotive and give the blueprints for the creation of a new and a better entity that will achieve better results. The ultimate end is to develop a good HRM strategy that will operate within an appropriate Corporate Strategy to ensure efficiency and effectiveness that will lead to competitive advantage and ensure the survival of the new company in turbulent times. There are three main classes of issues that are of relevance to this analysis. First of all, there is a case of the issues inherent in HaleCars. Secondly, there are issues with Mid Lancs which come with unique implications for a new human resource management strategy. Finally, there are the conflicts that will arise as a result of trying to link up the two entities into one entity. The organisational culture of HaleCars is one that is built around the specialisation and focus of the firm because they only do a few cars at a given point in time and this kind of bespoke and extreme

Pharmacology Population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pharmacology Population - Assignment Example In a study by Bartelink, Rademaker, Schobben, et al. (2006), population pk was found to be a very important approach through which not just pharmacokinetic information is obtained from sparse data sets but also pharmacodynamic information obtained from this same sparse data set. Leeder (2004) also observed that there stages in the drug development process where the very large population may be needed but with only a few observations per patient so as to determine the exact and unique differences with drug behavior in each patient based on special characteristics. To achieve this, population pk is employed or used to obtain information at both the phase II and phase III clinical trials among patients. It is not surprising that Ernest, Elder, Martini, et al. (2007) identified population pk as a practice associated with several pharmaceutical companies in the course of their drug development process. Certainly, population pk comes as a single most reliable mechanism by which dosage dete rmination to drugs can be done due to the size of the population used in the sparse data sets, each of whom is observed for very specific outcomes based on their demographic and pathophysiology characteristics. Also writing on the contribution of population pk to drug development, Roosmarijn et al. (2011) found that there are instances when intensive blood sampling can be attained. Meanwhile, Hsieh and Korfmacher (2006) noted that where intensive blood sampling is possible, there is the benefit of replicating the outcomes with particular blood samples for a larger population size. This means that where intensive blood sampling is not possible an alternative is needed to ensure that almost all populations are catered for. Typical situations in drug development where intensive blood sampling has not been attainable include drug development processes for children, cancer, and AIDS.

Conventional and Water Sensitive Urban Development

Conventional and Water Sensitive Urban Development Literature Review The Difference between Conventional Urban Development (CUD) and Water Sensitive Urban Development (WSUD) Introduction Urban development in cities around the world has come under constraining pressure due to population growth which leads to urban sprawl and the effects of anthropogenically induced climate change impacts on environmental ecosystems. The increase in the development of infrastructure such as impervious surfaces on roads, walkways, and public parks triggers increased flooding due to surface runoff and changes of landscapes, which adversely impact environmental ecosystems (Zhang et al., 2017). Other urban development dilemmas, as pointed out by Ercan et al., (2017), were increases in greenhouse gases (GHG) and conventional air pollution due to an increase in transportation industries. A Conventional Urban Development (CUD) approach as a solution to such glitches was introduced to control storm water and flooding, but ignored further contemplation on the carrying and receiving environment, in this case, the streams, lakes and ocean ecosystems. A sustainable pathway to urban development required a more holistic approach that was pertinent in capturing roles of nature in urban or city developments. According to Bell, (2015), Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) might be a solution as it exemplifies a sustainable approach to urban nature and provides a useful foundation for moving beyond drainage and into the water supply and waste water technology and discourse. This article will identify the differences between Conventional Urban Development and Water Sensitive Urban Development. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches and predict an overview on the future of the integration in relation to the sustainable cities metaphor. Comparison of Conventional Urban Development and Water Sensitive Urban Development Conventional urban development was introduced as an engineered structure in addressing storm water management and reducing flooding in cities in most parts of the world. The approach was largely focused on flood mitigation and health protection (Fletcher et al., 2015). Roefs et al., (2017) identified three types of conventional urban development based on sanitation systems; namely, centralized, conventionally activated sludge treatment; on-site sources for separation of grey water and black water treatment; and a hybrid of both systems. Urban stormwater runoff has become a challenge for urban planners and communities at large due to the source of degradation to stream ecosystems, as it only emphasised urban stormwater runoff originating from every roof, road and car park of a city. Therefore, another approach, which is more or less an integration of the conventional urban development, was introduced as a Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). Water sensitive urban design is an integrated water management of water supply, wastewater and stormwater aimed at achieving multiple objectives beyond conventional or normal design and attentive on social amenities, protection of receiving waters, reduced consumption of external waters and other resources, and an improved microclimate within an urban natural environment (Walsh et al., 2016 Sharma et al., 2016). The water sensitive urban design is widely supported by many city planners and engineers as one of the novel technologies for sustainable cities (Bell, 2015 Sharma et al., 2016). Pros and Cons of Water Sensitive Urban Design Although there was an imbalance pointing more to the increased social understanding of water sensitive urban design and its benefits, there were also some contradictions in implementing the systems in many cities around the world. According to Sharma et al., (2016) Niemczynowicz, (1999), this new principle of integrated water management required close communication by water engineers, ecologists, and municipal planners to actively participate in the planning process. Also, it was identified by the authors that there were gaps in knowledge on the technical, economic, and social and institutional aspects of the Water Sensitive Urban Design implementation. In contrast, Water Sensitive Urban Development integrates all elements of the water cycle and their interconnections to achieve results that allow a healthy environment that meets the need of human consumption, waste water and pollution, precipitation and runoff, watercourses and water resources, and floods (Ulian et al., 2017). The concept of a Water Sensitive City is picked by many cities around the world as the option for resilience toward population growth and climate change impacts. For instance, according to Wong and Brown, (2008), the concept of a Water Sensitive City is a state goal of Australia to make every city water sensitive. Conclusion Populations will continue to grow and natural environments will continue to be affected as a result of anthropogenically induced climate change, which will lead to challenges of urban water management in urban centres around the world. Conventional Urban Development has been underpinned by the new water sensitive urban design to another level of water management in cities. The difference separating the two methods of engineering is that for Conventional Urban Development more consideration is put forward for removal of stormwater from urban areas so as to avoid flooding and to improve sanitation, while the Water Sensitive Urban Development considered removal of wastewater and was making sure that the water was controlled or cared for without adversely affecting the ecosystems. In simple terms, the Water Sensitive Urban Development (WSUD) is how urban stormwater is protected, reused, and recycled, so that the health of the ecosystems may be sustained and the goals of sustainable citie s could be achieved. References Bell, S. (2015). Renegotiating urban water. Progress in planning, 96, 1-28. Ercan, T., Onat, N. C., Tatari, O., Mathias, J. D. (2017). Public transportation adoption requires paradigm shif[B1]t in urban development structure. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 1789-1799. Fletcher, T. D., Shuster, W., Hunt, W. F., Ashley, R., Butler, D., Arthur, S., Mikkelsen, P. S. (2015). SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more-The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage. Urban Water Journal, 12(7), 525-542. Niemczynowicz, J. (1999). Urban hydrology and water management-present and future challenges. Urban water, 1(1), 1-14. Roefs, I., Meulman, B., Vreeburg, J. H., Spiller, M. (2017). Centralised, decentralised or hybrid sanitation systems? Economic evaluation under urban development uncertainty and phased expansion. Water Research, 109, 274-286. Sharma, A. K., Pezzaniti, D., Myers, B., Cook, S., Tjandraatmadja, G., Chacko, P. Walton, A. (2016). Water Sensitive Urban Design: An Investigation of Current Systems, Implementation Drivers, Community Perceptions and Potential to Supplement Urban Water Services. Water, 8(7), 272. Ulian, G., Cartes, I., Lima, M. M. C. L. (2017). Water management assessment methodology for urban planning. Revista Ambiente and à gua, 12(1), 33-46. Walsh, C. J., Booth, D. B., Burns, M. J., Fletcher, T. D., Hale, R. L., Hoang, L. N. Wallace, A. (2016). Principles for urban storm water management to protect stream ecosystems. Freshwater Science, 35(1), 398-411. Wong, T., Brown, R. (2008, August). Transitioning to water sensitive cities: ensuring resilience through a new hydro-social contract. In 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage. September. Edinburgh. 10p. Zhang, D., Gersberg, R. M., Ng, W. J., Tan, S. K. (2017). Conventional and decentralized urban storm water management: A comparison through case studies of Singapore and Berlin, Germany. Urban Water Journal, 14(2), 113-124. [B1]Your second and third lines should be indented for your references.

Essay For Setting :: essays research papers

Essay for Setting   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A setting is where and when the story takes place. Most of the setting involves the time and place of the action, and like â€Å"The Three Strangers†, by Thomas Hardy, who presents this short story with good development and distinctive setting. In this work of his, he creates a captivating atmosphere, emphasizes the force that the protagonist struggles with, and he makes it believable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hardy creates an environment of rough landscape with phrases like â€Å"Three miles of irregular upland†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (760), thus creating a feeling of insecurity. Hardy also represents it in â€Å"†¦some starved fragment of ancient hedge is usually taken advantage of the erection of these forlorn dwellings† (760). In addition, we see the forming of an environment of danger, like in the passage where it says â€Å"†¦straightway several of the party fell into the snare set by Nature for all misguided midnight ramblers over this part of the cretaceous formation†¦flint slopes, which belted the escarpment†¦losing their footing on the rubbly steep they slid sharply downwards†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (771). Therefore, giving a mood of mystery and of tension.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second, Hardy emphasizes that struggle between the protagonist and the people or forces acting on them throughout the whole short story. For example, although Mrs. Fennel allows the new arrivals in her house, she seems uncomfortable with them, â€Å"This testimony to the youthfulness of his hostess had the effect of stopping her cross-examination† (764). Similarly, we see that the moment the second stranger gets in the house, the first one tries to create a friendly environment with him, â€Å"†¦and the first stranger handled his neighbor (the second stranger) the family mug†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and also, in the silence of everyone to the second stranger’s song, the first stranger would join in; â€Å"The room was silent when he had finished the verse-with one exception, that of the man in the chimney corner who at the singer’s voice, ‘Chorus’ joined in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (768).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Third, the author makes it believable when he states places, dates, and regional customs. For instance, when instead of the word tobacco, he places baccy, which was a word from that specific place and time, â€Å"The shepherd filled and handed him a new clay pipe, saying as he did so, ‘Hand me your baccy box- I’ll fill that too, now I am about it’ †(765). Also when it says â€Å"Among the few features of agricultural England which retain and appearance but little modified by the lapse of centuries†¦ †, â€Å"Shaking the water drops from his low-crowned glazed hat, he said, ‘I must ask for a few minutes’ shelter comrades, or I shall be wetted to my skin before I get to Casterbridge.

Aboriginal Cooking Methods Essay

The traditional ways to cook for aboriginals used to involve roasting their food on hot coals, baking in the ashes & steaming in ground ovens. But today theses things have changed & the aboriginals have easier ways to cook using ‘technology’ from today. They have adapted to make the process easier by boiling & barbequing. Roasting; When cooking meat, this was the basic technique, which was almost always used. They cooked most meat, fish & small turtles. To make sure the meat was cooked through, it was also covered by ashes & coals, which also made tough meat softer. The meat would be eaten quickly after roasting. Shellfish were also cooked on the coals on the outside of the fire, this way when they started to froth, they could be removed quickly. Baking Bread & damper was cooked in the ashes. When aboriginals made fires, they made sure they used the right kind of firewood, so that after the fire was out, the ashes could be used for cooking their bread. They were very careful as to which wood they used because some woods made to bread taste bad & some caused irritation & discomfort. Over time, it was the wattle seed that was found to be the most successful for cooking. It gave no bad taste, gave no one irritations & produced a fine ash. Witchetty grubs only needed to be quickly rolled over the ashes to be cooked. Then damper was put beneath the ashes & then covered. To cook yam, or vegetables, they would dig a small hole, place the vegetable in it, and then cover it with ash. Steaming; In the Wiradjuri areas, steam ovens still exist. The ovens were made by digging a hole in the ground, they were about 90cm long, & 60cm deep. The clay left over from digging was then made into smooth lumps & then would be placed on top, once the hole was filled with selected firewood. While the wood burned, the clay became hot. The clay would then be removed with tongs. The pit would be swept out & then lined with still green leaves & grass. Then meat such as possums (because they were small enough) would be lain inside, covered with more leaves & then the clay would be placed on top. To stop the steam escaping, the ground that was originally taken out when the hole was dug covers the clay. Wrapping; Wrapping is still used in places like Arnhem Land. Vegetables are wrapped in the moist paper bark from Melaleuca trees & then placed in ground ovens. Today Aboriginals use more advanced methods of cooking. They have adapted their old ways to make them easier. Boiling; Aboriginals have now learned to boil foods in galvanized cans, tins, steel drums or whatever items are available. Because of this, ground ovens are being used less & less. Barbequing; Although the Aboriginals don’t have top of the range barbeques, they have got their own version. It is simply a piece of wire to hole pieces of meat or dough over red coals. Aboriginal Dreaming Although the Dreamtime was in the past, it is the Aborigines religion & culture that rules them today. The saying, ‘As it was done in the Dreamtime, so it must be done today,’ dominates all aspects of the Aboriginals lifestyle & actions. According to some Aboriginals, the Rainbow Serpent made the world. It is their belief that that is true. Religion is some peoples’ way, spiritualism is theirs. The Rainbow Serpent came from the Northern Territory while Australia was still in its dreaming stage. It traveled over the country, creating the mountainous locations by pushing the land into many ranges & isolated areas. The Great Dividing Range is a creation of the rainbow serpents movements. Throughout its journey over & under the land, it created rivers, valleys, & lakes. It was also careful to leave many areas flat. Once it was satisfied with its creation of Australia, spirit people came from inside it & moved all over the country to form many different lifestyles, languages & different stories. When the land was finally finished, it was ready for people, but there were none .Walya-Nam-Adiki was the woman who walked out of the sea & met up with a tribal man. Seen as there were no people, they talked about the problem with having such a wonderful land, but no people to live there. To fix this problem, they had many spirit children together. Walya-Nam-Adiki told all her children to go to all different places across the country & to speak new languages, make & keep land & water management. They were to stay in their chosen areas, & to make social & kinship systems which would make sure that there would always be people within their tribal boundaries. Other Aboriginals believe that when the world first existed, that giant semi-mortal beings that resembled plants & animals rose up from the flat land where they had been sleeping for countless ages. These beings wandered the land aimlessly. As they roamed around, they  performed the tasks that Aboriginals do today. These included camping, making fires, digging for water, fighting each other & performing ceremonies. When they became tired of carrying out these rituals, the dreamtime ended. Wherever the creators had been, a natural landform now marks the place. The creators made everything which Aboriginals are in contact with everyday & from which they gain their living. Apart from forming the land, they also created the laws that govern the aspects of everyday life, which some Aborigines still live by. Aboriginals in Jail & Custody The idea of over-representation of Aboriginal adults in prison is set down early for the younger generation to understand. In Juvenile Detention centers, aboriginals aged 10-17 were 24.2* times more likely to be in custody than non-aboriginal children. For aboriginals aged 18-21 the over-representation rate was 9.6* Indigenous rates of imprisonment in adult prisons varied between about 4* times the non-indigenous rate in Tasmania & up to over 20* times in Western & South Australia. At almost any time, up to 80% of inmates in Northern Territory ‘Correctional Facilities’ are of aboriginal descent. Whatever the intent, mandatory sentencing has more effect on aboriginals than any other ethnic group in the NT. Also Police custody rates for Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islanders was 26.2* times more likely than people of other races. Aboriginals are 25% of people that are arrested & 15% of people who are in jails are also Aboriginal. From data collected, aboriginals are over-represented in offences involving violence, breaking & entering, breaches of justice procedures & driving offences. Aboriginal people are 12 times more likely than others to be in prison for  homicide and 16 times for breaking and entering. One principle factor is that of the low status of the indigenous side of Australia in socio-economy & culture. In 1988, Commissioner Muirhead stated that â€Å"humanity and our country’s reputation demand a vigorous approach and new initiatives†. Years later, Aboriginals still continue to die in police cells & prisons. On 10th February, 2000 a 15 yr old boy committed suicide in the Don Dale Correctional Facility in Darwin. He had a mandatory 28jail sentence for petty theft of pens, pencils & paint. He was due for his release 4 days after his death. The Northern Territory Chief Minister simply swept aside the death & gave a statement â€Å"There will always be deaths in custody.† The death of the boy & the Country Liberal Party refused to even consider the re-appeal of the mandatory sentencing laws sent a break of outrage through many leading Australian, International & Aboriginal groups. Two weeks previous to the death, a Federal Senate traveled to Darwin, to make a report on the laws. None of the Country Liberal Party’s officials was prepared to give evidence at the hearing. The United Nations blasted Australia over these laws, & the treatment of the indigenous people to this land. Also saying that Canberra could be in breach of the UN Convention to Eliminate Racial Discrimination. *Based on records in 1998

The Beatles essays

The Beatles essays The Beatles are rocks classic act, in the fullest sense of the term. Their music has spoken not only to its own time, but also every generation since. They remain more widely known than any other band of the rock era, and maybe of any era. The group consisted of four Englishmen: George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr. Starr was the drummer and the others usually played electric guitar. All of the Beatles sang occasionally. They became knows as the Beatles in 1960. During the sixties, the Beatles recordings topped both the singles and album charts. With the Beatles, albums became rock milestones. Before, rock records were promoted mainly as singles. Record sales were only one dimension of their popularity. When their career really took off, Beatlemania consumed everyone, including the western world. At concerts, fans would cry and scream so loud the group could not be heard. The Beatles toured the United States in 1964 and created mayhem everywhere they preformed. Police and security persons were not prepared for the fans reaction to the Beatles. The group became the most popular group in rock and achieved not only national, but international fame. The Beatles starred in two popular movies A Hard Days Night and Help! A full length cartoon, Yellow Submarine featured the songs and characters of the Beatles. Beatlemania exploded when the group performed to some on Ed Sullivans popular television program. Over 73 million Americans tuned into the show. After the performance The Beatles would have five singles on the billboard Hot 100 Charts. Their hair and clothing styles influenced a generation of young people. Fifteen thousand Beatle wigs were sold daily. Still grown-ups took the Beatles more seriously as a psychological rather than as a musical phenomenon. ...

Addressing A Letter to Two People

Addressing A Letter to Two People Addressing A Letter to Two People Addressing A Letter to Two People By Maeve Maddox One post often leads to another. The recent article â€Å"Conventional Letter Salutations in English† garnered several questions about how to address a letter to a married couple who have different titles and/or different surnames. Traditional letter-writing etiquette is based on traditional professional and marital patterns derived from the following assumptions: 1. A married couple is made up of a man and a woman. 2. The man’s name, with the appropriate honorific, goes first. 3. A married woman takes her husband’s surname. 4. A married woman’s given name is not part of the address or salutation. Based on these assumptions, traditional etiquette dictates the following forms: Address Mr. and Mrs. Charles Simpson Dr. and Mrs. Charles Simpson Rev. and Mrs. Charles Simpson Salutation Dear Mr. and Mrs. Simpson Dear Dr. and Mrs. Simpson Dear Rev. and Mrs. Simpson Nowadays, however, when some people question even the conventional use of Dear to begin a business letter, how to address a letter can be a hotly contested topic. Many married women still prefer the â€Å"Mr. and Mrs.† form, but others feel marginalized by it. As a result, recent guides to letter-writing give the following as acceptable options: Mr. Charles and Mrs. Jane Simpson Mr. Charles and Ms. Jane Simpson Note: In traditional etiquette, the form â€Å"Mrs. Jane Simpson† signifies that the woman so addressed is divorced. In modern usage, when a form other than â€Å"Mr. and Mrs. [surname]† is used, the woman’s name goes first: Mrs. Jane Simpson and Mr. Charles Simpson Jane and Charles Simpson Dear Jane and Charles An editor at The Chicago Manual of Style considers any of the following as proper forms for a business salutation to a married couple: Dear Mr. and Mrs. Stern Dear Irene and Mike Stern Dear Mike and Irene Stern When members of the couple have different titles, some commentators think that the traditional male-female order should be maintained. For example, if the wife has a doctorate and the husband hasn’t, the form would be â€Å"Dear Mr. and Dr. Simpson.† Other authorities, like The Gregg Reference Manual, state that the higher-ranking title should go first: â€Å"Dear Dr. and Mr. Simpson.† If both members of the couple are entitled to be addressed as â€Å"Dr.,† then they may be addressed as â€Å"Dear Drs. Simpson.† Another result of changing norms is the necessity to decide how to address a couple that does not share a surname. Robert Hickey, author of Honor Respect, The Official Guide to Names, Titles, and Forms of Address, offers a solution that covers every kind of couple: heterosexual, homosexual, married, and unmarried-but-living-together. When each member of a couple uses a different surname, list each name fully, putting them in alphabetical order by family name: Dr. Geoffrey Baxter and Dr. Alice Goodwin For partners in a same-sex couple, list them in alphabetical order by family name: Ms. Angela Esposito and Ms. Shara Patel Mr. Liam O’Hare and Mr. Darin Washington Some same-sex couples opt to share a surname. In that case, arrange the names in alphabetical order by given name: Ms. Angela Patel and Ms. Shara Patel. Bottom line: If you know the couple, you should know how they prefer to be addressed. If you are addressing a letter to people you do not know well, choose a respectful form of address that suits the occasion. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea†Continue and "Continue on"

Problem Solution Global Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Problem Solution Global Communications - Essay Example Global communications is one of the many aching companies within the telecommunications industry. Too much competition within the industry has lowered GC stock values by more than 50%. GC's senior leader team has developed a new strategic globalization plan to realize growth and profitability. The plan would introduce new services, making new alliances and implying cost cutting measures. Cutting cost would include laying off huge numbers of employees and hiring others from India and Ireland. The Technologies workers union has tried to work with GC to face its financial problems. They reduced 20% of employee's education and health benefits. They expected GC to keep all of its employees and try to improve things for them in the future. CG never involved the union towards formulating its new strategic plan. The union was shocked that they were never involved in suggesting alternatives. Laying off huge numbers of employees and using thousands of foreign employees will set a precedent for the whole industry. The union president decided to utilize all of its resources to stop GC's plan and help huge numbers of employees save their jobs. World wide competition within the telecommunication industry has lead to diminished returns. GC is under tremendous economic pressure as its stock has depreciated more than 50% in the last three years. The senior leader team of CG ... World wide competition within the telecommunication industry has lead to diminished returns. GC is under tremendous economic pressure as its stock has depreciated more than 50% in the last three years. The senior leader team of CG has put together a strategic plan to save the company and become a global corporation. They decided to cut costs by outsourcing small business technical centers to low cost more technical sophisticated centers in India and Ireland. They also decided to compete in local markets and step up towards globalization. The downside of their plan was the huge number of employees that would be laid off or relocated with salary cuts. They decided to soften the blow of their plan by explaining to the employees and the unions the challenges they face. They decided to bring career counselors to help laid off employees with their future jobs. They also decided to create a new set of values to reflect today's realities. They aimed at communicating their new plan in a way that would address the union and employees concerns. The workers union reduced 20% of employee's education and health benefits . The union accepted to give up these major benefits to enable GC to cope with its financial difficulties and survive in its competitive environment. The union hoped that by giving up such benefits, CG would retain its current body of employees and would make things better in the future. The union considers GC's new plan unethical as it manipulate around current contract conditions. GC excluded inputs from the union and employees while formulating its new plan. They gave all reasons for the union to reject their plan. The union president declared that he opposes CG's new strategic plan. He threatened to do all

Palliative care and the needs of cancer and non-cancer patients Essay

Palliative care and the needs of cancer and non-cancer patients - Essay Example Nevertheless, efforts to lengthen life or to comfort are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Many patients who receive palliative care feel better and live longer than expected. The boundary between "cure" and "care" is cultivated by eligibility rules for hospice benefits established by the federal government and private insurers to limit expenditures for palliative care. Confining palliative care to those who are expected to live no longer than six months creates pointless misery for many patients. It also unjustifiably weighs down clinicians who, in several circumstances, cannot precisely and truthfully calculate whether a seriously ill patient will live three months, six months, a year, two years, or even longer. This rigid division between cure and care likewise discourages suffering patients from requesting palliative care. Based on the model definition of the Canadian Palliative Care Association, the term palliative care has been characterised as "a philosophy of care and combination of therapies intended to support persons living with life-threatening illness. Palliative care strives to meet physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs, while remaining sensitive to personal, cultural, and religious values. Palliative care may be needed at any time in the disease trajectory, and bereavement. It may be combined with therapies aimed at reducing or curing the illness or it may be the total focus of care. Care is delivered through the collaborative efforts of an interdisciplinary team including the individual, family, and others involved in the provision of care. Where possible, palliative care should be available in the setting of personal choice" (Ferris and Cummings 1995, p.12). As it is, palliative care does not end with the death of the patient. Although not all families require sophisticated follow-up, a palliative care program must offer bereavement counseling. Physicians and oncology nurses trained to deal with families in distress can help them link up with the palliative care group (McDonald 1998, p. 1710). Early implementations of palliative care for patients with chronic, critical, or multiple illnesses reduce the need for crisis-oriented services. Early palliative care affords a basis for predicting and preparing for the inconvenience intrinsic in the treatment and care of such individuals. In certain situations, especially those children with serious diseases, early palliative care can prepare the patient for life-prolonging treatments such as chemotherapy and make the treatments more acceptable and certainly more bearable. "Quality of Life" As mentioned, a major objective of palliative care is to achieve the best quality of life for patients and their families and this aim is often evaluated by measures of quality of life. However, the concept of quality of life, is complicated and quite tricky to define, being both individual and multidimensional and, although many instruments exist which attempt to quantify it, measurement is difficult. In the

Data Mining Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Mining Questions - Essay Example These searches contain documents, information about documents, data about data, text, audio, images and etc. Like information retrieval, data mining also involves gathering information. With data mining query, it is inquiries on trends on the information gathered from large databases or large amount of data. Data mining query uses software or web analysis services in sorting through large data and picking pieces of relative information to show patterns or relationships that are embedded, waiting to be discovered and possibly constructive. A database's performance is measured according to its design, effectiveness when used to inquire 'information', constantly updated and of course the amount of data available for which it was constructed for. Metric measures of performance are available to quantify the effectiveness of the information retrieval. These are precision, recall, F-measure and Mean-average precision. Precision is the proportion of the relevant documents to all documents retrieved and recall is the proportion of relevant documents that are retrieved to all relevant documents available. ... A database's performance is measured according to its design, effectiveness when used to inquire 'information', constantly updated and of course the amount of data available for which it was constructed for. Metric measures of performance are available to quantify the effectiveness of the information retrieval. These are precision, recall, F-measure and Mean-average precision. Precision is the proportion of the relevant documents to all documents retrieved and recall is the proportion of relevant documents that are retrieved to all relevant documents available. Consecutively, F-measure is the weighted harmonic mean of precision and recall and the mean average precision; where average precision refers to the average of the precision after each relevant document is retrieved. For data mining query, its measure of performance can be measured in the exactness of the outcome of the data mining to the intended inquiry and if there other possible usable discoveries produced in that query. 3.) Clearly explain the concept of summarization with an example. Reference: Wikipedia, Online Free Encyclopedia Data mining is centered on determining patterns from data. Queries often lead to a collection of patterns which can be regarded as a summary of data. Since pattern collections summarizing the data are often very large, it is then difficult to summarize pattern collections. Some of the proposed and studied methods of summarizing pattern collections are: 1) Quality value simplifications. 2) Pattern orderings. 3) Pattern chains and antichains. 4) Change profiles. 5) Inverse pattern discovery. For quality value simplifications, pattern collections are

Carpal tunnel syndrome Essay Example for Free

Carpal tunnel syndrome Essay Video games are very popular with children all over the world, they keep kids occupied and entertained. A lot of parents are concerned about how these video games are affecting their children. Are these video games good or bad for our children? Video gaming has both positive and negative effects on children. Video games are not only entertaining but also educational; they create challenges for children to take on in order to proceed to new levels. Video gaming is also very influential with a child. That is why it is very important to monitor children while playing. There are many positive effects to playing video games. Playing a video game is a way to exercise the brain, it helps children develop skills like following directions, problem solving and hand-eye coordination that develop fine motor and spatial skills. Video games contribute a lot to education, like developing reading skills; gamers must read to get instructions, follow storylines, and get information. Gamers also become more determined because, usually they don’t succeed the first time playing a level so they try and try again until they move on to the next level. Games can provide a positive outlet for children to release bottled up frustrations the same way many sports like basketball and football do. Video games allow parents to bond with their children and play together and can be something they share in common. Of course with every good there is a bad. Most of the bad things about video games are usually blamed on the violence that is in them. Children who play more violent video games are more likely to have more aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Playing too much video game keeps children indoors and become less social with family and friends. It also causes children to spend less time doing other activities like doing homework or playing sports. Some video games teach children improper morals and are easily confused between reality and fantasy. Excessive gameplay can contribute to poor performance in school and also cause a slew of health issues like obesity, video-induced seizures, postural, muscular and skeletal disorders and carpal tunnel syndrome. Children who are spending too much time playing video games may show signs of impulsive behavior and have attention problems. The effects of video games vary on children depending on the kind of parenting. Children usually imitate what they see in these video games so it’s important for parents to understand their children’s maturity level and what kind of games parents should allow their children to play. We are now living in a sophisticated and high-tech world so video games are essential to the development of children with today’s technology. The point is for parents to understand that playing video games have different effects on different children. The positives of video games definitely outweigh the negatives of video games especially with proper supervision of the children who play these video games.

Triple Vessel Ischemic Heart Disease Treatment Case Nursing Essay

Triple Vessel Ischemic Heart Disease Treatment Case Nursing Essay Mr. MS is a 58-year-old Malay male who was previously diagnosed with hypertension, gout and triple vessel ischemic heart disease. He first presented with chest pain in March 2010 where he was diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. He was unable to complete an exercise stress test and an angiogram done in Hospital Sultanah Aminah found him to have triple vessel disease. He was told angioplasty was not possible due to the severity of the blocks and was counseled for CABG but he was not keen. Meanwhile, he has had angina attacks 2 to 3 times per week every week since his initial diagnosis for the last 3 months, usually relieved by sublingual GTN and was currently admitted for the 4th time for chest pain not relieved by GTN. ECG done 2 hours after onset of chest pain showed ST depression of 2mm at leads I, aVL, V3 V6 and left axis deviation with no Q waves. Trop T was positive (2.75 ng/ml) at 4 hours after onset and other cardiac enzymes were also raised significantly. He was diagnosed with NSTEMI and treated with aspirin 300mg, IV morphine 2.5 mg, sublingual GTN 3 tablets and subcutaneous clexane 60mg BD for 3 days as well as continuing his current medication regime of simvastatin, metoprolol, cardiprin, ISDN, amlodipine and GTN. Following admission, he was well in the ward with no recurrence of chest pain and did not develop any new complaints. He was discharged after 3 days of inpatient treatment with instructions to attend his follow-up appointment at the cardio clinic in HSAJB on the 16th of June 2010 to make an appointment for surgery. Following this episode of chest pain, which he says is the worst so far, he is now quite keen for CABG. 2) CLINICAL HISTORY Chief Complaint Chest pain for 1 day. History of Present Illness Mr. MS is a 58-year-old Malay male who was previously diagnosed with gout, hypertension and ischemic heart disease with triple vessel disease. He was awoken from sleep at about 10pm due to a central chest pain of sudden onset. He described the character of the pain as crushing in nature and radiated to his neck. This episode of chest pain was the most severe since he was first diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. The pain was associated with profuse sweating, body weakness and was not relieved by rest. However, it was relieved by sublingual GTN, of which he has a supply of. His discomfort was made worst by exertion so he lay in bed to recover. Despite this, he had another episode of chest pain 30 minutes later. He took the sublingual GTN again but this time, the pain did not resolve. He was then brought to the emergency department of Hospital Batu Pahat by his son. This is Mr. MSs fourth admission for chest pain since March 2010. Since his diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in March, he has experience angina attacks two to three times per week, especially on exertion such as when straining while passing motion. During these attacks, he uses sublingual GTN to relieve his symptoms and normally feels much better after that. He only comes to the hospital when GTN does not work to relieve his symptoms. Systemic Review Mr. MS does not experience symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, epigastric pain, shortness of breath, fever, and had no syncopal episodes. He also does not have loss of appetite or loss of weight. Bowel and urinary habits are normal. His sleep has not been affected until this current episode whereby he was awoken by the chest pain. Past Medical History Mr. MS was diagnosed with hypertension 6 years ago when he had an episode of headache. He has been on medication since and was on regular follow-up with KK Rengit. He was diagnosed with gout 5 years ago when he had a left big toe swelling which resolved after some medication. He is not on long term medication for gout. Mr. MS was admitted for the first time 5 years ago in 2005 when he had bilateral renal calculi. He was subsequently referred to Hospital Sultanah Aminah for further management of this problem and it has since resolved and does not have follow-up anymore. Mr. MS was diagnosed with ischemic heart disease in March 2010 when he presented with chest pain for the first time. Following his recovery, he underwent a stress test in Hospital Batu Pahat but according to him, was unable to complete the procedure due to chest discomfort. He was referred to the cardiology unit in Hospital Sultanah Aminah for further management where an angiogram was performed and he was told to have triple vessel disease. He was also told that angioplasty was not possible due to the severity of the blocks. He was recommended to have Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) but as of yet, no appointment has been made as he was still unsure of going through with the procedure. Following this episode of chest pain, Mr. MS has decided that going for the CABG is the only thing that will keep him alive. His current medications include: Tab Simvastatin 20mg OD Tab Metoprolol 75mg BD Tab Cardiprin 100mg OD Tab Isosorbide Dinitrate (ISDN) 5mg TDS Tab Amlodipine 10mg OD Sublingual Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) PRN He is compliant to his medication regime. Mr. MS is not known to have diabetes or hyperlipidemia. He also does not have any known food or drug allergies. Family History Mr. MS is the 3rd of 9 siblings. His father had hypertension and passed away a long time ago due to unknown causes. His mother and other siblings are healthy. None of them have hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease or malignancy. Social History He lives in a kampung in Rengit with his wife and 5 children. Mr. MS does not smoke nor consume alcohol. He works in a palm oil plantation. The distance from his house to Hospital Batu Pahat is about half an hour. On further enquiry, Mr. MS says that the cost of the CABG is about RM1000, which he can afford. 3) FINDINGS ON CLINICAL EXAMINATION (Mr. MS was examined by me 9 hours after onset of chest pain) Mr. MS was alert, conscious, and communicative. He was not in obvious pain or respiratory distress. He was lying down comfortably on his bed. There were no tendon xanthomata, xanthelasma, pallor, corneal arcus or pedal edema. His JVP was not raised. His clinical parameters are: Blood Pressure : 158/94 mmHg Heart Rate : 94 beats per minute. Regular rhythm Respiratory Rate : 20 breaths per minute Temperature : 37Â °C SpO2 : 97% under room air On examination of the precordium, the apex beat was located at the 5th intercostal space on the midclavicular line and was normal in character. Parasternal heave was not felt and there were no thrills. First and second heart sounds were heard. There were no murmurs or added heart sounds. On examination of the chest, there was no deformity and chest expansion was equal on both sides. Percussion and tactile vocal fremitus was normal and equal on both sides. On auscultation, vesicular breath sounds were heard throughout all lung fields with good air entry. There was no wheezing or crepitations heard. On examination of the abdomen, it was soft and non-tender. There were no masses felt. Bowel sounds were heard and normal. 4) PROVISIONAL AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES WITH REASONING Provisional Diagnosis Acute myocardial infarction with underlying triple vessel ischemic heart disease and hypertension With a history of diagnosed triple vessel ischemic heart disease with multiple episodes of angina attacks since the initial diagnosis, it is highly likely that Mr. MS is presenting with an acute coronary event and this should be a priority until proven otherwise. This is evidenced by the presentation of central, crushing chest pain of sudden onset that radiated to the neck and associated with profuse sweating and body weakness which is classical of a myocardial infarction. Mr. MS will require immediate investigations such as an electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes to differentiate the acute coronary syndromes so that the appropriate management may be instituted for him e.g. if he has an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), he will require myocardium-saving thrombolytic therapy to disrupt the ischemic event. As Mr. MS did not present with features such as acute shortness of breath, loss of consciousness and severe palpitations, it seems that he does not have complicati ons of acute myocardial infarction but these developments should be watched out for throughout his admission as complications may arise later. Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism is a possibility that can be considered when a patient presents with an acute chest pain that is accompanied by shortness of breath, hemoptysis, tachypnea, fever and even cyanosis and collapse in severe cases. Furthermore, the chest pain is of a pleuritic nature, of which it is worsened on breathing, and a pleural rub can be heard on auscultation of the chest. However, Mr. MS did not present in such a way. At the same time, Mr. MS did not have risk factors such as a deep vein thrombosis, prolonged immobilization or recent surgery. It is still highly likely that Mr. MS has suffered an acute myocardial infarction, and an ECG would help to differentiate between the two as pulmonary embolism might show the classic S1Q3T3 pattern of right axis deviation or right bundle branch block. Either way, the diagnosis should be made quickly so treatment may be instituted before his condition becomes worse or complications develop. Aortic dissection Aortic dissection presents as an acute onset chest pain that is tearing in nature, and often radiates to the back. It is often confused with myocardial infarction due to its presentation but differences include the lack of profuse sweating, signs of heart pump dysfunction and a normal ECG. Risk factors are usually uncontrolled hypertension, connective tissue disorders or chest trauma. Mr. MS has hypertension, but is under control, and does not have the other risk factors. A diagnosis of myocardial infarction should be the priority as thrombolytic therapy is vital, but if there is any reason to doubt that diagnosis, then further investigations should be performed. 5) IDENTIFY AND PRIORITISE THE PROBLEMS 1. Acute chest pain Mr. MS has acute chest pain with features very suggestive of a classical picture of myocardial infarction as he presents with crushing central chest pain that radiates to the neck and associated with profuse sweating and weakness. Given that he is known to have triple vessel ischemic heart disease and that he has suffered many angina attacks since his initial diagnosis, it is highly likely that he is having an acute myocardial infarction. Without further a due, he needs an electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac enzymes tested to distinguish between the different acute coronary syndromes so that the appropriate treatment protocols may be initiated for him as soon as possible to disrupt the ongoing ischemia. As Mr. MS is having severe chest pain that may overstimulate his sympathetic system and cause further ischemia, he will require immediate supportive therapy such as effective pain medication and oxygen therapy. 2. Triple vessel ischemic heart disease awaiting CABG Mr. MS was diagnosed with triple vessel ischemic heart disease when he first presented with chest pain in March 2010 and has since experienced many episodes of angina. Given his diagnosis and disease pattern, he is at a very high risk of developing a severe acute coronary event that may prove fatal if the infarction is too extensive or if complications develop. As percutaneous revascularization with a stent or balloon was not possible for him, he will require a CABG to both relieve his symptoms and reduce his mortality risks in the long term. He was unsure of going ahead with the operation previously, therefore no appointment date was given for surgery. However, now that he has changed his mind, every effort should be made by both the doctors in charge of him here in Hospital Batu Pahat and in the cardiology unit of Hospital Sultanah Aminah to arrange for his surgery as soon as possible, given the circumstances of his condition. 3. Compliance to medication Mr. MS is on several medications for his triple vessel ischemic heart disease and will require revascularization surgery soon in order to decrease his mortality risks. However, waiting for a CABG in the government setting may take some time, even under dire circumstances due to the nature of the system. Therefore, it is extremely crucial that Mr. MS is compliant to his medication regime while awaiting a CABG to prevent another episode of infarction. He should be counseled to fully understand this and the situation of his ischemic heart disease. It is also the responsibility of his doctors to ensure that he is taking the right combination of medications with the aim to prevent another acute cardiac event. Meanwhile, a sufficient supply of sublingual GTN should be provided for Mr. MS in cases of angina attacks at home. He should come to the hospital immediately if GTN fails to relieve his symptoms. 4. Regular screening for comorbid diseases Mr. MS has not been diagnosed with diabetes or hyperlipidemia previously but these diseases are strong risk factors for the long term implications of his ischemic heart disease. Therefore, Mr. MS should be screened regularly e.g. twice yearly during his follow-up appointments. Early detection of diabetes is necessary so that treatment can start as soon as detected in order to prevent his ischemic heart disease from becoming worst than it already is. As for his lipid control, if his lipid profile is found to be outside the normal limits, the dosage of his medication can be increased as necessary. Following his CABG, he will need to maintain a healthy lifestyle of a good, well-balanced, low-salt and low-fat diet and regular exercise within his limits. 6) PLAN OF INVESTIGATION, JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE SELECTION OF TESTS OR PROCEDURES, AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) To look for any changes that may indicate an ongoing ischemic event, such as ST elevation or depression and T wave inversion in order to support the diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction so appropriate treatment can be started. Differentiation of ST segment elevation or depression is also crucial in initiating treatment as thrombolytic therapy is only indicated for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Results: ECG on admission (2 hours after onset) shows sinus rhythm with ST depression at leads I, aVL, V3 V6 with left axis deviation. T wave was present and normal. Interpretation: The ST depression in the leads above indicate an ischemic event at the anterolateral sections of the heart. The lack of ST elevation concludes a diagnosis of either unstable angina or NSTEMI, depending on the levels of cardiac enzymes. There is no sign of old infarction. 2. Cardiac Enzymes To look for elevated levels of cardiac enzymes such as troponin T, creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) that will indicate myocardium ischemia and necrosis. If elevated, a diagnosis of NSTEMI can be made in accordance with the ECG changes. However, cardiac enzymes when done too early after onset may not show any rise in levels 1. This does not mean that necrosis has not taken place and the test should be repeated once more at 6 hours after onset 1. Results: Troponin T (4 hours after onset) 2.75ng/ml ↑ (12 hours after onset) (60 hours after onset) Normal Range (U/L) CK 997 ↑ 263 ↑

Challenges Faced by Leaders in Early Contemporary Years :: Social Issues, Collaboration, Communication

Katzenbach and smith (1993) state that ‘‘a team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, approach and performance goals for which they hold themselves mutually accountable’’ as each individual needs to be given the opportunity to put forward and link their personal strengths with their roles and responsibilities in order to enhance and empower the team as a whole. ‘’There is a failure in society to have a single, clear view of the function of early childhood provisions’’ (Jones and Pound, 2008, p. 22). This could cause implications for professionals working together as they could disagree on the goals or outcomes of the setting. Leaders need to support the practitioners within the setting and encourage them to reach their full potential. In contrast, many practitioners may not want to take on the roles of a leader. Jones and Pound (2006) suggest many practitioners have assumed the role rather than applied for it. Often these changes can cause many problems to those who try to resist it due to not wanting extra work or even because they simply do not understand the new job role. Leaders can overcome this by ensuring all practitioners are treated equally and all ideas are considered (Pound and Jones 2008). Wall (2006) embraces Lumsden’s (2005) notion suggesting that a collaboration between professionals is essential to share expertise, information and skills. Wall (2006) supports the need for information to be shared in order to meet the needs of the families. This implies that it is a relationship between individual practitioners that will ultimately decide whether multi agency is effective or not. Jones and Pound (2008) state that a characteristic of an effective multi agency team can exchange information using agreed communication systems. However; there are various challenges which can arise from this, such as; practitioners not having enough time to share information on a regular basis due to their responsibilities. Occasionally co-location makes this easier. Children centres are an ‘’exciting and promising initiative’’ built upon from the governments 10 year strategy for children offering a wide range of services combined in order to make a †˜one stop shop’ which provides resources for lower-income families (Pugh and Duffy 2010 p. 123). Additional government funding has been set in place intended to improve practice and level of qualifications in the early year’s sector. Pugh and Duffy (2010) suggested this was needed to improve practitioners knowledge.

Counseling theory

Rational-emotive therapy stresses the ability of the clients to think on their own and change by making good judgments and taking action. Rational-emotive therapists believed that the problems of the clients are rooted in childhood and in their belief system, which was formed during childhood. The counseling involves method solving and dealing with emotional problems. The counselor assist the client eliminates self-defeating outlooks and perceive life in a rational manner. According to Patrick PK.(2007) rational emotive therapist believed that cognition, and emotion are not incongruent human aspects but are basically, integrated and holistic. In fact, this aspect is marching with other cognitive-behavioral aspects. Some of the strengths of rational-emotive and its application is its simplicity. Rational-emotive takes into consideration development levels as significant when dealing with patients, moreover, rational-emotive therapy have absence of moral perspectives. Rational-emotive therapy is important for counseling profession.Its effectiveness, short-term aspect and low cost are the reasons for its attractiveness. The reality therapist assist the client controls the world around them and satisfy their individual’s needs. The therapists believe that the client can change their life for the better. The therapy looks at the what and the why actions of the clients. Emotional problem is a result of client’s perception and feelings. Reality therapy is thus based on the aspect that client accept the past and begin to behave in a responsible manner. Reality teaches the client a better ways of living and become more effective in satisfying their needs.2. Existential – humanistic tradition Existential therapy is based on freedom of choice in changing one’s life. The therapists believe that the individuals are responsible in shaping their own life and a need for self- awareness. The therapy focuses at the present and at the future life of an individual. The therapists help the client recognize their freedom and perceive their possibilities of their future. They assist the client recognize their responsiveness of the future events. The therapy is well suited to assist the client make good choices affecting their lives.The theory is based on the following core aspects: contact, open participation of each other and mutual influence; genuineness, to be reliable, harmonious, human and transparent; unconditional positive regard, accepting individual’s being despite of his or her behavior; and empathy; understanding the moment experience of an individual. Other basic aspects of human conditions in existentialist approach include capacity for self-awareness, the freedom and responsibility tension, the identity creation and the establishment of effective relationships and the recognizing distress as living conditions.The existentialists uphold that person ability for self-consciousness provides them freedom possibilities as well as recognizing that they are finite and have limited time. Thus individuals are free to choose the available alternatives in living and have an effective responsibility to shape their personal destinies. The result of our choice is based on the way we live and hence individuals should be responsible in directing their lives. The existential therapy focuses at helping clients to reflect on life, identify alternatives and chose the best alternatives.The therapists aimed at making people become aware of how to acknowledge situations and take control so as to shape their lives by looking for options that can create a meaningful life. 3. Logotherapy and gestalt therapy The main aspects of the logotheraphy are based on its need to consider person in their irreducible wholeness, as subjects endowed with values and presenting existential thematic that cannot be dealt with by purely psychological means. Logotherapy therapy begins with the soul and has a true intuitive consciousness and an invariable internationality towards individual’s values.Hence, during therapy, themes that are relating to the meaning of life are placed at the heart of counseling intervention and human behavior guided to search for meaning and existential truth in all of its diverse manifestations. Therapist therefore contrasts various human forms of irresponsibility and led the clients towards the recognition of various possibilities and freedoms inherent in their choices. The therapy provides specific forms of intervention, which include self-transcendence and self-detachment.Everyone experiences moments in life may be considered normal and not really require any attention. However, individual may cope with this experience by forcing the circumstances but only to become knotted in a mesh. To overcome the situation, this therapy used the dereflection method, based on the intentionality concept. Gestalt therapy conversely incorporates the body and mind aspects, by emphasizing consci ousness and integration. Incorporation of behavior, feelings and perception is main aspect in the Gestalt therapy.Patients are perceived as being able to recognize how the impacts of the previous life could change their life. The therapist assist the client realizes their personal responsibilities, avoiding problems; experience thins in a constructive manner and in a present awareness. The therapy lead the client have awareness of every moment in their life experience and challenge the client to accept to take care of themselves instead of others doing for them. 4. Multicultural therapyMulticultural therapy is counseling that involves clients from differing racial, ethnic, and cultural groups and, thus, multicultural clients refer to clients from minority populations. It is significant to include cultural aspects when dealing with multicultural clients. Incorporating cultural variables in the therapeutic process requires one to be literate in ethnic and cultural information. Eliciti ng cultural information from clients allows the counselor to work with many diverse clients without having to become experts on particular ethnic groups.Hence, counselors must recognize the necessity of ethnic knowledge and cultural information elicited in conversations with clients. Multicultural therapist share common aspects, which include exploring client’s worldview, considering the role of acculturation, and taking additional roles. Exploring clients' worldviews is a fundamental part of multicultural therapy. Therapists must find out the similarity and differences of the client’s value system from the country of origin as well as system in the destination country.Exploration enables counselors to get information concerning how the clients view themselves after being exposed to new cultures. Acculturation is a vital aspect in exploring cultural issues. It is adjustment in which individuals from other culture are subjected to when entering a new culture. Therapist must look at the adaptative strategy that clients are deducing during therapy to assess accurately their level of acculturation. The clients should be encouraged to adjust the old rules for the actual consideration of the current situations.Lastly, when dealing with clients of minority cultures, the counselors are encouraged to take on additional rules. These include changing the idea of counseling as visualized and institutionalized in this county and enfold further styles of intervention. Such addition includes consulting help agencies and elucidating process and laws unusual to the client (Patrick, 2007). Reference: Patrick PK. (2007). Internet counseling: trend, application & ethical issues. In: Patrick PK (ed). Contemporary Issues in therapy. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.